Insertion loss in Optical Fiber:
Simply put, insertion loss is the measure of the light that is lost between two fixed points in the fiber. This can occur when optical fibers are joined together, added, or sent through additional passive network components. ILs are often attributed to misalignment, contamination, or poorly constructed connectors (ferrules) and have long been used to advocate for fusion splicing. However, in reality, the attenuation difference between fusion splicing and the manual connection is minor (less than 0.1 dB). Many times, I've seen a splice engineer perform a true fusion splice on mass-produced, low-cost commodity pigtails, as the optical network terminal (ONT) is called for an SC or LC connector (you may not have can be multiple connected (let's see by fiber stubs). It is also true to say that significant ILs in fibers can be attributed to cracks in the glass due to micro-and macro-bending, excessive stress (pulling), or crush and impact damage. A layer of optical thin film coating is done on precision optical components to protect it and along with it pfg optics are also used.
It’s cause
This is often the worst type of attenuation because it can take time to develop and is more difficult to pinpoint. Another reason for the high fiber volume in a fiber-in-fiber to home (FTTH) network is the route of the cable itself. For example, a fiber may travel 10 km from the OLT and lose less than 1dB, and then lose three times as much in the next 100 meters. Multi-housing units (MDUs) are a great example of complex fiber routes and are particularly important for protecting turning radius such as dedicated raceways or micro ducts. Fibers can be tightly coiled or kinked quite easily during installation; Even bending an insensitive G657A1 fiber 20 mm in diameter just once will result in losses of as much as 0.2dB.
It is still true that connectors are the most likely cause of high IL, but it is unreasonable to think of them as the only culprit. In fact, we can manage connector losses by setting IL standards for the cables we buy and training installers to keep things clean. Reducing the number of components within the network also logically reduces insertion loss, so consider this if you are only using your splice machine to fuse poor-quality components together.
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